Terms of National Curriculum

Word	Definition	Example
1.      Lingua franca: /ˈlɪŋgwə ˈfræŋkə/	Any language that is widely used as a means of communication among speakers of other languages.	English language
2.      Functions:            /ˈfʌŋkʃənz/	The aim of the use of a language in different case such a as requesting, apologizing, inviting, etc.	Would you mind if I borrow your pen, please?
3.      Independent users of English: /ɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈjuzərz ɑv ˈɪŋglɪʃ/	Users that are being able to carry on most speaking, who can write comprehensibly, making clear arguments or explanations. Furthermore, they can understand the main points of clear standard speech on familiar matters regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc. Simply, they don’t need help to communicate, they aren’t highly competent, but they are adequate to carry on most functions.	Students of 2nd or 3rd BACH.
4.      B1 Language proficiency level: /biː wʌn ˈlæŋgwɪʤ prəˈfɪʃənsi ˈlɛvl/	Learners who understand of the basic structures and lexis of the language and therefore, They have acquired the domain and language fluency with some authenticity	Student who can produce simple connected text on topics that are familiar or of personal interest.
5.      Communicative language competence: /kəˈmjuːnɪkətɪv ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ˈkɒmpɪtəns/	The ability to communicate well in a language	Group of people in business
6.     Linguistic competence: /lɪŋˈgwɪstɪk ˈkɒmpɪtəns/	It is concerned with the learners' ability to handle for example settings, topics and communicative functions in different sociolinguistic contexts. In addition, it deals with the use of appropriate grammatical forms for different communicative functions in different sociolinguistic contexts.	Learning through vocabulary and grammar.
7.Sociolinguistic competence: /ˌsoʊsioʊlɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk ˈkɒmpɪtəns/	It is the ability to interpret the social meaning of the choice of linguistic varieties and to use language with the appropriate social meaning for the communication situation. Such as rules of politeness, norms governing relations between generations, sexes, classes, and social groups	When greeting someone in a very formal situation an American might say, Hello, how are you? or Nice to see you again, but if he were meeting a friend in an informal situation it would be much more appropriate to say Hi.
8.      Pragmatic competence: /prægˈmætɪk ˈkɒmpɪtəns/	Knowledge of the appropriate contextual use of the particular language's linguistic resources as inviting, thanking, apologizing, etc.	Would you like to have a dinner with us?
9.      Exponents: /ɛksˈpəʊnənts/	Necessary elements for speaking as identifying, describing, inviting, offering, etc.	Do you want to come with me?
10.  Neutral register: /ˈnu:trəl ˈrɛʤɪstər/	It is a variety of a language used for a particular purpose or in a particular social setting. It can occur in a formal informal way.	Informal: Can I borrow your book? Formal: Could I borrow your book?
11.  Informational texts: /ɪnfərˈmeɪʃənl tɛksts/	It gives information, necessary explanations to understand the information, shown what is and is not important, and elements to make it interesting.	books, magazines, handouts, brochures, CD rooms and the internet
12.  Transactional texts: /trænˈsɪʃənl tɛksts/	Texts  for communication of ideas and information	Texts that include business letters, friendly emails, interviews, invitations, postcards, weblog entries, etc.
13.  Expository texts: /ɛksˈpɒzɪtəri tɛksts/	Texts that  inform, describe or explain something and include autobiographies, short descriptions, media articles, etc.	National Geographic magazines
14.  Personal domain: /ˈpɜːsnl  dəʊˈmeɪn/	Information related with family relations and individual social practices.	Personal and familiar information.
15.  Educational domain: /ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃənl dəʊˈmeɪn/	Specific knowledge or skills related to education as the names of various locations.	Gym, classroom, office, and objects in classrooms.
16.  Public domain: /ˈpʌblɪk dəʊˈmeɪn/	It is related with cultural and leisure activities of public nature, and relations with the media.	Public services, cultural and leisure activities.
17.  Personal background: /ˈpɜːsnl ˈbækgraʊnd/	It is related to personal identification of each person.	house, home, and environment; daily life; free time and entertainment; and relations with other people
18.Educational background: /ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃənl ˈbækgraʊnd/	It is about school and instruction.	Curricular subjects, classroom equipment, educational roles, etc.
19.  Social background: /ˈsəʊʃəl ˈbækgraʊnd/	It is related to public entertainment, travel, health and body care, shopping, food and drink, and services	Information about entertainments.
20.  Backtracking: /ˈbæktrækɪŋ/	To retract or reverse one's opinion, action, policy, etc.	To retract or reverse one's opinion, action, policy, etc.
21.  Repair: /rɪˈper/	To take action in order to improve a bad situation.	I have a, uhm…what do you call it… pencil case.
22.  Display question: /ˈdɪsˈpleɪ ˈkwɛsʧən/	It is a non-real question just for asking to see if the person you are speaking to knows the answer. Normally means questions teachers ask learners to see if they understand or remember something	Is this a table?
23.  Referential questions: /refəˈrenʃl ˈkwɛsʧəns/	A question that is to use for knowing something which is not known to the teacher.	‘What did you do at the weekend?
24.  Procedural texts: / prəˈsɪʤərəl  tɛksts/	It is a text that is designed to describe how something is achieved through a sequence of actions or steps. It explains how people perform different processes in a sequence of steps.	How to write an essay.
25.  Narrative texts: /ˈnærətɪv  tɛksts/	It is a basic tool to teach a language because it has the purpose of entertaining in order to hold a reader's' interest.	Stories or fables.
26.  Vocational domain: /vəʊˈkeɪʃənl dəʊˈmeɪn/	It is about everything concerned with people’s activities and relations in the exercise of their occupations.	Professions
27.  Realistic fiction: /ˈrɪəˈlɪstɪk  ˈfɪkʃən/	Stories based on characters, settings, problems, events, and solutions that could happen in real life.	Book of history
28.  Persuasive texts: /pərˈsweɪsɪv  tɛksts/	It is a written argument that tries to convince you to believe or do something.	Newspapers, letters, TV ads
29.  Circumlocutions:            /ˌsɜːrkəmləˈkjuːʃns/	It’s when you want to discuss something, but don’t want to make any direct reference to it.	In the Harry Potter series, the dark lord Voldemort is frequently referred to as: You-know-who He-who-must-not-be-named
30.  Salient politeness conventions: / ˈseɪljənt pəˈlaɪtnɪs kənˈvɛnʃənz /	It is mainly refer about  affecting everyday life, living conditions, interpersonal relations, and major values and attitudes	A1: Can establish basic social contact by using the simple everyday polite forms of greeting and address.
31.  Persuasive essays:  /pərˈsweɪsɪv ɛˈseɪz /	It attempts to persuade a reader to adopt a certain point of view or to take a particular action.	Essay about social networks
32.  Repair: /rɪˈper/	In conversation analysis, the process by which a speaker recognizes a speech error and repeats what has been said with some sort of correction.	Interlocutor – ‘It is very cold today, isn’t it? Learner- Yes it is. Very cold’.
33.  Dead ends:              /dɛd ɛndz/	A situation in which no progress can be made or no advancement is possible.	“reached an impasse on the negotiations”
34.  Jumpiness:            / ʤʌmpɪnəs/	Hesitation and nervousness	It is present in nervous or shy students.